An epiphyseal plate, also known as the epiphysial plate, physis, or growth plate, is a layer of hyaline cartilage found at the ends of long bones in children and adolescents. It's the area where bone growth occurs, allowing bones to lengthen.
Location and Structure
The epiphyseal plate is situated between the epiphysis (the end of the bone) and the metaphysis (the wider part of the bone shaft near the epiphysis) [1, 9]. It's a flat, bony structure that provides strength and stability to the weaker growth plate cartilage [1, 18]. This plate consists of layers of cartilage cells that divide and mature, eventually becoming bone tissue [3, 8]. This process allows the bone to lengthen until the plate closes during puberty.
Function: Bone Growth
The primary function of the epiphyseal plate is longitudinal bone growth [8]. Cartilage cells within the plate proliferate and hypertrophy (increase in size), leading to the formation of new bone tissue. This process continues until the plate closes, typically during puberty [3]. After closure, the plate ossifies (turns into bone), becoming the epiphyseal line [9].
Clinical Significance
Injuries to the epiphyseal plate, such as fractures, can significantly impact bone growth and development. Premature closure of the plate, which can be caused by factors like trauma or certain medical conditions (including vitamin A excess) [6], can lead to stunted growth [6, 7]. Understanding the structure and function of the epiphyseal plate is crucial for the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric bone injuries.
In Summary
The epiphyseal plate is a vital component of the skeletal system, responsible for the longitudinal growth of long bones during childhood and adolescence. Its proper functioning is essential for normal skeletal development. Damage to this area can result in significant growth complications.
