Bone loss is most commonly referred to as osteoporosis, although less severe bone loss is termed osteopenia. Osteoporosis is a disease that weakens bones, making them thinner and less dense, increasing the risk of fractures. Osteopenia, on the other hand, represents a lower bone density than normal, but not to the extent of osteoporosis. Both conditions involve a decrease in bone mineral density and changes in bone structure.
Understanding Osteoporosis and Osteopenia
- Osteoporosis: This is a serious bone disease characterized by significant bone loss and structural changes, making bones fragile and prone to fractures. Even minor falls or stresses can cause broken bones. (References: NIAMS, Mayo Clinic, Cleveland Clinic, Bone Health and Osteoporosis, NY Health)
- Osteopenia: This is a less severe condition where bone density is lower than normal but not low enough to be classified as osteoporosis. It's often considered a precursor to osteoporosis. (References: WebMD, NIH HIV and Osteoporosis)
Osteoporosis is often called a "silent disease" because it often progresses without noticeable symptoms until a fracture occurs. (References: Bone Health and Osteoporosis, NIA) Bone density scans (DEXA or DXA scans) are used to measure bone mineral density and assess bone health. (Reference: MedlinePlus Bone Density Scan) Risk factors, such as age, genetics, and lifestyle, can contribute to both osteopenia and osteoporosis development. (Reference: NIAMS)
