Cancellous bone, also known as spongy bone, is a porous and lightweight bone tissue that plays a vital role in the skeletal system.
Key Characteristics of Cancellous Bone
Cancellous bone is distinct from cortical bone due to its structure and function. Here's a breakdown:
- Structure: Cancellous bone is made up of a spongy, porous network of bone tissue. This network creates numerous open spaces within the bone, giving it a lighter weight compared to the dense cortical bone.
- Red Bone Marrow: These open spaces are filled with red bone marrow, which is crucial for producing blood cells.
- Strength and Location: While not as strong as cortical bone, cancellous bone is strategically located in areas where its structural properties and blood cell production capabilities are most beneficial:
- The ends of long bones like the femur and humerus.
- Bones of the pelvis.
- Bones of the ribs.
- Vertebrae of the spine.
- Bones of the skull.
- Function: It is not as strong as cortical bone, which is found in the long bones, but it is very important for producing blood cells.
Cancellous vs Cortical Bone
| Feature | Cancellous Bone | Cortical Bone |
|---|---|---|
| Structure | Spongy, porous | Dense, compact |
| Strength | Less strong | More strong |
| Location | Ends of long bones, pelvis, ribs, vertebrae, skull | Shaft of long bones |
| Primary Function | Blood cell production | Structural support |
Practical Insights
- The porous nature of cancellous bone reduces the overall weight of the skeleton, making movement easier.
- Its location within the ends of long bones allows it to absorb shock and distribute forces across joints.
- The presence of red bone marrow within cancellous bone makes it vital for hematopoiesis, the process of blood cell formation.
In summary, cancellous bone is a vital component of the skeletal system, characterized by its spongy, porous structure and the presence of red bone marrow, which contributes to blood cell production and overall skeletal function.
