Brain cells encompass all cells within the brain's tissue, while neurons are a specific type of brain cell. The brain's functional tissue is made of cells, while the structural support is the stroma. Let’s look into their roles.
Brain Cells
Brain cells are the building blocks of the brain. They include both the cells that carry out the brain's functions, and cells that provide structure and support.
- These cells reside within the brain's functional tissue.
- Besides functional cells, the brain also has a structural stroma which includes connective tissues like meninges, blood vessels, and ducts.
- The two main types of brain cells are:
- Neurons (also known as nerve cells).
- Glial cells (also known as neuroglia).
Neurons
Neurons are specialized cells that transmit information through electrical and chemical signals. Neurons are one type of brain cell, and form the base for the central nervous system.
- They are also known as nerve cells.
- They are responsible for communication within the brain and between the brain and other parts of the body.
- Neurons have a unique structure with features like:
- Dendrites that receive signals.
- An axon that transmits signals.
- Synapses that connect to other neurons.
Comparison: Brain Cells vs. Neurons
To make it clearer, here's a table summarizing the key differences:
| Feature | Brain Cells | Neurons |
|---|---|---|
| Definition | All cells in the brain tissue. | A specific type of cell in the brain. |
| Types | Includes neurons and glial cells (neuroglia). | Only a type of brain cell; also called nerve cells. |
| Function | All functions of the brain tissue. | Transmit information via electrical and chemical signals. |
| Relationship | Neurons are a subset of brain cells. | A specific functional cell within the brain. |
In essence, all neurons are brain cells, but not all brain cells are neurons. Glial cells, for example, are brain cells that support and protect neurons and are also vital for overall brain function, but they are not neurons themselves.
