Brain oxygen is commonly measured using Cerebral Oximetry by Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS).
Measuring brain oxygen levels is crucial in various medical scenarios to assess brain health and perfusion. One widely used technique is Cerebral Oximetry, which utilizes Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) technology.
Understanding Cerebral Oximetry by NIRS
According to the provided reference, Cerebral Oximetry by NIRS is a method that offers:
- Continuous Monitoring: It measures oxygen levels in the brain constantly over time [1].
- Non-Invasive Application: This technique does not require piercing the skin or entering the body; sensors are placed externally, typically on the forehead [1].
- Measurement of rSO₂: It specifically measures regional tissue oxygen saturation (rSO₂), which indicates the balance between oxygen supply and demand in a specific area of the brain [1].
The method works by sending near-infrared light through the tissue. Oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin absorb light at different wavelengths in the near-infrared spectrum. By analyzing the amount of light reflected or transmitted back, the device can calculate the percentage of hemoglobin saturated with oxygen in the underlying tissue.
Validation and Practical Use
Cerebral Oximetry by NIRS has been validated for its accuracy and reliability in clinical settings [2, 3]. A notable practical application mentioned in the references is its extensive use during carotid endarterectomy procedures [2, 3].
During a carotid endarterectomy, blood flow to the brain might be temporarily interrupted when the carotid artery is clamped. Monitoring brain oxygen saturation (rSO₂) with NIRS allows clinicians to:
- Detect potential reductions in cerebral oxygenation in real-time.
- Take immediate action if oxygen levels drop below a critical threshold, helping to prevent neurological complications.
This continuous, non-invasive monitoring provides essential feedback to the surgical team about the brain's oxygen status during critical moments of the operation [2, 3].
In summary, brain oxygen is effectively measured non-invasively and continuously using Cerebral Oximetry based on Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS), which provides real-time data on regional brain tissue oxygen saturation (rSO₂), as validated and used in procedures like carotid endarterectomy.
