Increased pressure in the brain, also known as intracranial pressure (ICP), results from an imbalance within the skull. Several factors can contribute to this dangerous condition.
Causes of Increased Intracranial Pressure (ICP)
Increased intracranial pressure arises from various sources, broadly categorized as:
1. Conditions Affecting Brain Tissue:
- Brain tumors: A growing tumor occupies space within the skull, increasing pressure.
- Brain abscess: An infection within the brain causes swelling and pressure buildup.
- Encephalitis: Brain inflammation stemming from viral or other infections increases pressure.
- Meningitis: Inflammation of the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord leads to swelling and increased pressure.
2. Conditions Affecting Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF):
- Hydrocephalus: An excess buildup of CSF around the brain and spinal cord, due to impaired drainage or overproduction. This excess fluid widens the brain's ventricles, putting pressure on brain tissues. (Source: Mayo Clinic & National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke)
- Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH): Increased pressure in the skull caused by a buildup of CSF around the brain, often without a known cause. (Source: Cleveland Clinic & National Eye Institute)
3. Vascular Events:
- Brain hemorrhage (bleeding): Bleeding within the brain (e.g., from a ruptured aneurysm) directly increases pressure. (Source: Mayo Clinic)
- Stroke: Blood clots or bleeding in the brain can increase pressure. (Source: NHS)
- Aneurysm: A weakened area in a blood vessel in the brain can rupture, leading to bleeding and significantly elevated pressure. The blood vessel pressure itself can contribute to aneurysm formation. (Source: Mayo Clinic)
4. Trauma:
- Severe head injury: Trauma to the head can lead to bleeding, swelling, and increased pressure within the skull. (Source: NHS)
5. Other Potential Factors:
- Conditions that cause cerebral edema (brain swelling). While not a direct cause, it contributes to increased pressure.
It's important to note that increased intracranial pressure is a life-threatening condition requiring immediate medical attention. The specific cause determines the appropriate treatment.
