AVM radiation, more accurately referred to as radiosurgery for arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), is a non-surgical procedure that uses focused radiation to treat abnormal tangles of blood vessels in the brain (AVMs).
Understanding AVMs
An AVM is an abnormal connection between arteries and veins, bypassing the normal capillary network. This disruption can lead to:
- Reduced oxygen supply to brain tissue.
- Increased risk of bleeding (hemorrhage).
- Seizures.
How AVM Radiosurgery Works
Radiosurgery, such as Gamma Knife radiosurgery or stereotactic radiosurgery, focuses beams of high-dose radiation precisely on the AVM. Over time (typically months to years), the radiation causes the blood vessels of the AVM to thicken and close off (obliteration).
Key Aspects of AVM Radiosurgery:
- Non-Invasive: No surgical incision is required.
- Precise Targeting: The radiation is highly focused, minimizing damage to surrounding healthy brain tissue.
- Delayed Effect: Obliteration of the AVM occurs gradually over time.
- Alternatives: Other treatment options for AVMs include traditional surgery and endovascular embolization.
- Risks: Potential risks include bleeding, swelling, and radiation-induced damage to surrounding brain tissue. These risks are carefully weighed against the benefits.
Types of Radiosurgery Used for AVMs
- Gamma Knife Radiosurgery: Uses multiple beams of gamma radiation focused on a single point.
- Stereotactic Radiosurgery (Linac-based): Uses a linear accelerator to deliver precisely focused beams of X-rays.
Considerations
AVM radiosurgery is often considered when:
- The AVM is located in a difficult-to-reach area of the brain.
- Traditional surgery carries a high risk.
- Other treatments have failed.
The decision to use AVM radiosurgery is made on a case-by-case basis, considering the size, location, and characteristics of the AVM, as well as the patient's overall health.
