Brain waves occur at different frequencies, ranging from very slow waves during sleep to faster waves when you are alert and active. The specific frequency depends on the type of brain wave.
According to ScienceDirect, brain waves are categorized into several frequency bands, each associated with different brain states. Here is a breakdown of the main brain wave frequencies:
Brain Wave Frequency Bands
| Frequency band | Frequency | Brain states |
|---|---|---|
| Beta (β) | 12–35 Hz | Anxiety dominant, active, external attention, relaxed |
| Alpha (α) | 8–12 Hz | Very relaxed, passive attention |
| Theta (θ) | 4–8 Hz | Deeply relaxed, inward focused |
| Delta (δ) | 0.5–4 Hz | Sleep |
Understanding Brain Wave Frequencies
- Delta (δ) waves: These are the slowest brain waves, typically between 0.5 and 4 Hz. They are most commonly associated with deep sleep and are crucial for rest and restoration.
- Theta (θ) waves: Ranging from 4 to 8 Hz, theta waves are linked to states of deep relaxation, meditation, and inward focus. They can also occur during light sleep.
- Alpha (α) waves: These waves are found between 8 and 12 Hz. They are characteristic of a relaxed but awake state, such as when you close your eyes or are in a calm, passive state of attention.
- Beta (β) waves: The fastest brain waves listed in the reference, beta waves operate between 12 and 35 Hz. They are prominent when you are actively thinking, problem-solving, concentrating, or experiencing anxiety.
These frequencies represent the oscillations of electrical activity produced by groups of neurons in the brain. Measuring these frequencies, often through electroencephalography (EEG), provides insight into a person's mental state.
Brain Waves - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics provides further details on these frequency bands and their corresponding brain states.
