Here's how to teach a woman to perform a breast self-exam, incorporating visual inspection and physical examination techniques:
Visual Inspection
It's crucial to start with a thorough visual check in front of a mirror. This part of the exam involves several key positions:
- Arms Down:
- Stand with your arms relaxed at your sides.
- Look for any changes in the breast's shape, swelling, dimpling of the skin, or alterations in the nipple's position.
- Arms Raised:
- Lift both arms above your head.
- Again, observe the breasts for any of the same changes: shape, swelling, dimpling, or nipple changes.
- Hands on Hips:
- Place your hands firmly on your hips, pressing down to flex your chest muscles.
- Continue watching for any changes like shape, swelling, dimpling of the skin, or alterations in nipple position.
Physical Examination
Following the visual inspection, the next step involves a physical exam. This should be done while standing or lying down.
Here's a suggested technique:
- Use Fingertips: Use the pads of your three middle fingers.
- Circular Motions: Make small, circular motions.
- Vary Pressure: Use light, medium, and firm pressure.
- Cover the Entire Breast: Move systematically over the entire breast area, including the underarm.
- Follow a Pattern: Use either a vertical strip pattern, or a circular pattern.
- Check under the arms This area may have breast tissue.
- Check the nipple Gently squeeze the nipple to see if there is any discharge.
Important Notes:
- Consistency: Perform the exam at the same time each month, ideally after your menstrual period when breasts are less tender.
- What to look for: Lumps, changes in size, skin changes, nipple discharge or changes, and pain.
- Don't panic: Most lumps are not cancerous. However, it's essential to consult a doctor for any changes.
- Teach Regularly: Make self-exams part of your routine.
Summary Table
| Step | Description | What to Look For |
|---|---|---|
| Visual Inspection (Arms Down) | Arms by sides; observe front. | Changes in breast shape, swelling, dimpling, nipple changes. |
| Visual Inspection (Arms Raised) | Arms over head; observe front. | Changes in breast shape, swelling, dimpling, nipple changes. |
| Visual Inspection (Hands on Hips) | Hands on hips, press firmly to flex muscles; observe front. | Changes in breast shape, swelling, dimpling, nipple changes. |
| Physical Examination | Use fingertips; small circular motions; vary pressure; systematically examine entire breast & underarm. | Any lumps, changes in size, skin changes, nipple discharge, nipple changes, or pain in the breast or underarm area. |
By following this comprehensive approach, you can effectively teach a woman how to perform a breast self-exam and empower her to take an active role in her health.
