To check someone's breathing rate, count the number of breaths they take in one minute while they are at rest.
Here's a detailed breakdown of how to accurately measure breathing rate (also known as respiratory rate):
Steps to Measure Breathing Rate
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Ensure the Person is at Rest: Ideally, the person should be sitting or lying down comfortably and not actively engaged in physical activity. Wait a few minutes after they've been active to allow their breathing to return to a normal resting rate.
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Observe the Chest or Abdomen: Watch the rise and fall of their chest or abdomen. You can also gently place your hand on their chest to feel the breaths.
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Count the Breaths: Count the number of times the chest rises (or the abdomen moves outwards) in one full minute. Each rise and fall counts as one breath. You can use a watch or a timer on your phone to keep track of time.
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Avoid Making the Person Aware: If possible, measure their breathing rate without them knowing you are doing so. People tend to consciously or unconsciously alter their breathing if they know they are being observed.
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Record the Measurement: Note down the number of breaths per minute (bpm).
Normal Breathing Rates
The normal breathing rate varies depending on age:
- Adults (18+ years): 12-20 breaths per minute
- Children (1-17 years): 15-30 breaths per minute (varies with age, higher at younger ages)
- Infants (under 1 year): 25-50 breaths per minute
Factors Affecting Breathing Rate
Several factors can affect breathing rate, including:
- Age: As mentioned above, normal ranges vary by age.
- Activity Level: Exercise increases breathing rate.
- Anxiety or Stress: Can cause rapid, shallow breathing.
- Medical Conditions: Asthma, pneumonia, heart conditions, and other illnesses can affect breathing rate.
- Medications: Some medications can affect breathing rate.
- Altitude: Higher altitudes can increase breathing rate.
When to Seek Medical Attention
If a person's breathing rate is significantly outside the normal range, or if they are experiencing any of the following symptoms, seek medical attention:
- Shortness of breath
- Wheezing
- Chest pain
- Bluish discoloration of the lips or skin (cyanosis)
- Use of accessory muscles to breathe (neck or abdominal muscles)
- Dizziness or lightheadedness
