Mould in buildings refers to the growth of various types of fungi that thrive in damp and poorly ventilated environments. These fungi can cause structural damage and pose health risks to occupants.
Understanding Mould Growth
Mould isn't just one specific organism; it's a general term for many kinds of fungi that can grow on building materials. Its presence indicates excessive moisture. Mould requires three main things to grow:
- Moisture: Leaks, condensation, and high humidity are primary causes.
- Food Source: Organic materials like wood, drywall, paper, and even dust provide sustenance.
- Temperature: Mould generally thrives in temperatures between 40°F and 100°F (4°C and 38°C).
Common Types of Mould Found in Buildings
While many types of mould can be found in buildings, some are more common:
- Cladosporium: Often found on fabrics and wood surfaces.
- Aspergillus: A common mould that can grow indoors and outdoors. Some species can produce toxins.
- Penicillium: Commonly found on water-damaged materials.
- Stachybotrys chartarum (Black Mould): Often associated with serious health concerns, though all mould should be addressed.
Problems Caused by Mould
Mould in buildings can lead to various problems:
- Structural Damage: Mould can decay wood and other organic building materials, weakening the structure.
- Health Problems: Mould exposure can cause allergic reactions, respiratory problems (coughing, wheezing, asthma), skin irritation, and other health issues. Certain types of mould produce mycotoxins, which can be harmful.
- Aesthetic Issues: Mould can stain surfaces and create unpleasant odors.
- Reduced Property Value: The presence of mould can significantly decrease the value of a building.
Preventing and Addressing Mould
Preventing mould growth is crucial:
- Control Moisture: Fix leaks promptly, ensure proper ventilation (especially in bathrooms and kitchens), and use dehumidifiers in damp areas.
- Maintain Cleanliness: Regularly clean and dust surfaces to remove potential food sources for mould.
- Prompt Remediation: If mould is present, it's important to remove it quickly and effectively. Small areas can sometimes be cleaned with appropriate cleaning solutions, but larger infestations may require professional mould remediation.
Mould Remediation
Professional mould remediation involves:
- Assessment: Identifying the extent and source of the mould growth.
- Containment: Preventing the spread of mould spores to other areas.
- Removal: Physically removing the mould-infested materials.
- Cleaning: Cleaning and disinfecting affected areas.
- Prevention: Addressing the underlying moisture issues to prevent future mould growth.
