Based on the provided reference, the primary materials used for floor topping are sand and cement.
Understanding Floor Topping Materials
Floor topping, often referred to as a screed or concrete topping, is a layer applied over a concrete slab to provide a smooth, level surface or add specific properties like wear resistance. The reference specifies the core components for this layer:
- Sand: Provides bulk and structure to the mix.
- Cement: Acts as the binder, reacting with water to form a hard matrix that binds the sand particles together.
These materials are mixed in varying proportions.
Mix Proportions and Strength
The ratio of sand to cement is adjusted depending on the required strength of the floor topping. The reference mandates a minimum strength requirement:
- A minimum mix grade of M20 must be laid.
Grade M20 typically indicates a concrete mix designed to achieve a minimum compressive strength of 20 Pascals (MPa) after 28 days. Achieving this strength ensures the topping is durable and suitable for its intended use.
Application Process
Once mixed, the sand and cement topping is applied using a process similar to laying a standard concrete floor. This involves several key steps:
- Spreading: Distributing the mixed material evenly over the base surface.
- Compacting: Removing air voids and densifying the material to improve strength and durability.
- Screeding: Leveling the surface using a straight edge or screed rail to achieve the desired height and flatness.
- Bull-floating: Further smoothing and consolidating the surface after screeding.
This meticulous process is crucial for achieving a uniform, strong, and level floor topping using the specified sand and cement mixture.
