Burns are primarily classified by their depth, but another method categorizes them by the extent of body surface area affected. Here are two ways to classify burns:
Classification by Depth (Degree)
This is the most common method for classifying burns. It focuses on how deeply the burn penetrates the skin layers.
| Degree | Skin Layers Affected | Characteristics | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
| First-degree | Epidermis | Red, painful, dry, no blisters | Mild sunburn |
| Second-degree | Epidermis and dermis | Blisters, swelling, very painful | Scalding with hot liquid |
| Third-degree | All layers of skin, may extend to underlying tissue | Waxy and white, leathery, painless due to nerve damage | Severe electrical burn that reaches muscle |
Classification by Extent (Rule of Nines)
This method is used more frequently for adults to estimate the total body surface area (TBSA) affected by the burn. It helps to assess the severity of the burn and calculate fluid resuscitation needs. Each body area is assigned a percentage:
- Head: 9%
- Each arm: 9%
- Front of torso: 18%
- Back of torso: 18%
- Each leg: 18%
- Genital area: 1%
Practical Insights:
- The classification by depth helps in determining immediate treatment and expectations for healing.
- The Rule of Nines provides an estimate for how much of the body is affected and gives a guide for the necessary level of care.
