The early treatment of burns focuses on immediate actions to minimize damage and pain. For minor burns, the priority is cooling the burn.
Cooling the Burn: The First Step
The most crucial initial step for minor burns is to immediately cool the affected area. This should be done using cool — not cold — running water for approximately 10-20 minutes. NHS, Mayo Clinic If running water isn't available, apply a cool, wet cloth until the pain subsides. For mouth burns, a small piece of ice can provide temporary relief. Avoid using ice directly on skin burns as it can further damage the tissues.
Additional Initial Steps for Minor Burns:
- Remove restrictive items: Carefully remove any rings or jewelry from the burned area before swelling occurs.
- Avoid home remedies: Do not apply butter, oils, or other home remedies to the burn. These can trap heat and increase the risk of infection. Ameriburn recommends focusing on cooling and protecting the wound.
- Pain relief: Over-the-counter pain relievers like ibuprofen or acetaminophen can help manage pain.
- Lotion Application (Minor Burns): Some sources suggest applying a lotion to the burn after cooling. Mayo Clinic mentions this as part of minor burn treatment.
Severe Burns Require Immediate Medical Attention
Severe burns, which are characterized by deep tissue damage, require immediate professional medical care. Initial stabilization involves managing the airway, breathing, and circulation (ABCs), similar to the approach for major trauma patients. StatPearls Early excision and grafting may be considered for significant burns. PubMed
