The fastest way to treat a burn is to immediately cool it.
Cool the Burn: The First and Fastest Step
Holding the burned area under cool (not cold) running water for 10 to 20 minutes is the most effective initial treatment. This significantly reduces pain and minimizes tissue damage. If running water isn't immediately accessible, apply a cool, wet cloth until the pain subsides. For mouth burns caused by hot food or drink, place a piece of ice in the mouth for a few minutes.
Important Considerations:
- Cool, not cold: Using ice or very cold water can further damage the skin. Aim for cool, running water.
- Duration: Continue cooling the burn for 10-20 minutes to effectively reduce heat and pain.
- Location: For burns on the face, cool compresses are preferable to running water.
- Severity: This method is best for minor, first-degree burns. Seek immediate medical attention for severe burns (second or third-degree).
Beyond Cooling: Further First Aid Steps (When Appropriate)
After cooling the burn, consider these additional first aid measures:
- Remove restrictive items: Take off any rings or jewelry near the burn before swelling occurs.
- Apply petroleum jelly (minor burns): A thin layer of petroleum jelly can help protect the burned area and prevent infection. (Note: This step is not always necessary and should only be used on minor burns.)
When to Seek Medical Attention
While cooling the burn is the fastest initial treatment, always seek immediate medical attention for:
- Second or third-degree burns: These burns are characterized by blistering, deep skin damage, and intense pain.
- Burns covering a large area: If the burn affects a significant portion of the body.
- Burns on sensitive areas: Burns to the face, hands, feet, genitals, or joints require immediate medical evaluation.
- Burns with signs of infection: Increased pain, swelling, pus, or redness indicate a potential infection and need prompt treatment.
