Burn victims require fluid resuscitation to replace lost fluids and maintain vital organ function. The choice and volume of fluids depend on the severity and extent of the burn.
Commonly Used Fluids:
Several fluids are commonly used in burn resuscitation, including:
- Crystalloids: These are solutions containing electrolytes and water. Examples include Ringer's Lactate (Lactated Ringer's) and Normal Saline (0.9% sodium chloride). Ringer's Lactate is a particularly popular choice. The Parkland Formula, a widely recognized fluid replacement formula, often utilizes Ringer's Lactate, recommending 2 to 4 ml per kilogram of body weight per percentage of body surface area burned. The first half is administered over the first 8 hours, and the remainder over the next 16 hours. McGovern Medical School also lists Isolyte and Plasmalyte as options.
- Colloids: These contain larger molecules that stay in the bloodstream longer, helping to maintain blood volume. Examples include albumin and fresh frozen plasma (FFP). While crystalloids are frequently the first choice, colloids may be added based on clinical assessment.
- Maintenance Fluids: Once the initial resuscitation phase is complete, maintenance fluids like 0.9% sodium chloride and 5% glucose are used to replace ongoing fluid losses. This WA Health resource details their use.
Fluid Administration:
The rate of fluid administration is carefully monitored and adjusted based on factors like urine output, heart rate, blood pressure, and overall clinical status. Maintaining adequate urine output (around 0.5 mL/kg/h or 30-50 mL/h in adults) is a key indicator of successful resuscitation. (eMedicine)
Goal of Fluid Management:
The primary goal of fluid management in major burn injuries is to maintain tissue perfusion and prevent hypovolemic shock, a life-threatening condition resulting from significant fluid loss. (NCBI PMC)
Note:
This information is for general knowledge and should not be considered medical advice. Treatment decisions should be made by qualified medical professionals considering the individual patient's condition and circumstances.
