The Burn Formula is a calculation used to determine the amount of fluids needed for the initial resuscitation of burn patients. The most common formula is the Parkland Formula, developed by Dr. Charles Baxter in the 1960s. This formula helps determine the fluid requirements for the first 24 hours after a burn injury.
The formula is as follows:
- 4 mL/kg per %TBSA burn of lactated Ringer's (LR) for the first 24 hours.
This means that for every percentage of total body surface area (TBSA) burned, the patient should receive 4 mL of lactated Ringer's solution per kilogram of body weight.
For example:
- A 70 kg adult with a 30% TBSA burn would need 8,400 mL of lactated Ringer's solution over the first 24 hours.
Here's how to break down the calculation:
- Calculate the patient's body weight in kilograms.
- Multiply the body weight by the percentage of TBSA burned.
- Multiply that number by 4 mL.
- The result is the total volume of fluid needed in the first 24 hours.
The Parkland formula is a guideline for fluid resuscitation, and the actual fluid volume administered may be adjusted based on the patient's individual needs and response to treatment.
Important Points to Consider:
- This formula is typically used for burns greater than 10% TBSA in children and elderly patients, and 20% TBSA in adults.
- The initial half of the total fluid volume should be administered within the first 8 hours following the burn injury.
- The remaining half of the fluid should be given over the next 16 hours.
- Close monitoring of vital signs, urine output, and other clinical parameters is essential during fluid resuscitation.
