Two causes of cancerous cells include exposure to carcinogens and biological factors. These factors can damage DNA and lead to uncontrolled cell growth.
Causes of Cancerous Cells
Cancer arises from damage to DNA, leading to abnormal cell growth. Various factors can cause this damage.
Physical Carcinogens
- Radiation: Exposure to radiation, such as X-rays or radon gas, can damage DNA.
- Ultraviolet (UV) Light: Prolonged exposure to sunlight or tanning beds increases the risk of skin cancer. This is because UV radiation damages the DNA in skin cells.
Chemical Carcinogens
- Cigarette Smoke: Contains numerous chemicals that damage cells, significantly increasing the risk of lung, bladder, and other cancers.
- Asbestos: Inhaling asbestos fibers can cause mesothelioma and lung cancer.
- Alcohol: Excessive alcohol consumption is linked to several cancers, including liver, breast, and colon cancer.
- Air Pollution: Exposure to pollutants like particulate matter and chemicals in the air can increase cancer risk.
- Contaminated Food and Drinking Water: Certain contaminants in food and water, like pesticides and heavy metals, can contribute to cancer development.
Biological Carcinogens
- Viruses: Certain viruses, such as human papillomavirus (HPV), can cause cancer. HPV is associated with cervical, anal, and head and neck cancers.
- Bacteria: Some bacteria, like Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), can increase the risk of stomach cancer.
- Parasites: Certain parasitic infections can also contribute to cancer development, though this is less common in developed countries.
