A CEA test, or carcinoembryonic antigen test, measures the level of CEA protein in your blood. CEA is a glycoprotein, meaning it's a protein with sugars attached. While normally found in small amounts in healthy adults, significantly elevated levels can be an indicator of certain cancers, most notably colon cancer, but also others like lung, breast, pancreatic, and stomach cancers. The test is primarily used to monitor cancer treatment and detect recurrence.
What Does the CEA Test Measure?
The test measures the amount of CEA in a blood sample. This protein is produced by the cells of a developing fetus and is usually present only in very low concentrations in healthy adults. Higher-than-normal levels may suggest the presence or recurrence of cancer.
How is a CEA Test Performed?
A healthcare professional will draw blood from a vein in your arm. The blood sample is then sent to a laboratory for analysis. Results are usually available within a few days.
Interpreting CEA Test Results
- Low CEA level: Typically indicates no cancer or a very small, localized tumor.
- High CEA level: May suggest a larger tumor, the presence of cancer that has spread (metastasized), or the recurrence of cancer after treatment. However, a high CEA level alone cannot diagnose cancer. Many other conditions can cause elevated CEA levels.
- CEA levels during treatment: Monitoring CEA levels over time can help track the effectiveness of cancer treatment. A decreasing level usually indicates the treatment is working, while an increasing level might signify the cancer is progressing.
Important Note: A CEA test is not a definitive diagnostic tool. A positive result requires further investigation to confirm a cancer diagnosis. Other factors, such as smoking, liver disease, and inflammatory bowel disease, can also raise CEA levels. The test's interpretation must always be considered in the context of a patient's complete medical history and other diagnostic findings.
Examples of the use of CEA tests include:
- Monitoring the effectiveness of cancer treatment for colon cancer.
- Screening for recurrence of colon cancer after surgery.
- Assisting in the diagnosis and staging of some types of cancer.
This information is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Consult with a doctor for proper interpretation of CEA test results and further guidance.
