Car battery cells primarily function through a chemical reaction that creates electricity. The most common type of car battery relies on a lead-acid reaction, using specific materials within each cell.
Key Components of a Lead-Acid Car Battery Cell
A typical lead-acid car battery cell includes the following:
- Two Plates: Each cell has two plates, one made of lead and the other of lead dioxide.
- Electrolyte: These plates are submerged in sulphuric acid, which acts as the electrolyte.
- Chemical Reaction: The sulphuric acid triggers a chemical reaction between the lead and lead dioxide plates.
The Reaction Process
- Discharge: When the battery is connected to an electrical circuit, the sulphuric acid reacts with the lead and lead dioxide.
- Electron Flow: This chemical reaction releases electrons, which flow from the negative (lead) plate to the positive (lead dioxide) plate, creating an electric current.
- Energy Output: This electrical current is what powers the car's various systems, like the starter, lights, and radio.
- Recharge: When the car's alternator recharges the battery, the chemical reaction is reversed, restoring the lead and lead dioxide to their original states and storing energy.
Table Summary
| Component | Material | Function |
|---|---|---|
| Negative Plate | Lead | Releases electrons during discharge, accepting them during charge |
| Positive Plate | Lead Dioxide | Accepts electrons during discharge, releasing them during charge |
| Electrolyte | Sulphuric Acid | Acts as a catalyst, facilitating the chemical reaction between the plates |
Practical Insights
- Multiple Cells: Car batteries consist of multiple cells connected in series to achieve the required voltage (usually 12V).
- Battery Maintenance: It's essential to keep the battery terminals clean and ensure the electrolyte level is adequate to maintain optimal performance.
