Pacemakers work by using wires (leads) implanted in the heart to deliver electrical pulses that stimulate the heart to beat when it's beating too slowly or irregularly. These pulses ensure the heart maintains an appropriate rhythm.
Here's a breakdown of the process:
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Leads and Electrodes: Wires, also known as leads, are inserted into veins and guided to the heart chambers. These leads have electrodes at their tips, which are in direct contact with the heart tissue.
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Sensing Natural Heartbeat: The electrodes are designed to "sense" or monitor the heart's natural electrical activity.
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Delivering Electrical Impulses: When the pacemaker detects that the heart rate is too slow (bradycardia) or an irregular heartbeat (arrhythmia), it delivers precisely timed electrical impulses to the heart muscle through the electrodes. These impulses trigger the heart muscle to contract, effectively pacing the heart.
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Maintaining Normal Heart Rhythm: The pacemaker continuously monitors the heart rhythm and only provides electrical stimulation when needed, ensuring the heart beats at a normal and consistent rate. Modern pacemakers can also adjust the pacing rate based on the patient's activity level, mimicking a natural heart's response to exercise or rest.
In simple terms, a pacemaker acts as a safeguard, ensuring the heart beats regularly. It's like a backup generator that kicks in when the main power source (the heart's natural electrical system) falters.
