SSS in cardiology stands for Sick Sinus Syndrome, a condition where the heart's natural pacemaker malfunctions.
Sick Sinus Syndrome (SSS) refers to a group of heart rhythm problems (arrhythmias) caused by a malfunction of the sinoatrial (SA) node, which is the heart's natural pacemaker. The SA node is located in the right atrium, one of the upper chambers of the heart. When the SA node doesn't function properly, the heart can beat too slowly (bradycardia), too quickly (tachycardia), or irregularly.
Understanding Sick Sinus Syndrome
Here's a more detailed breakdown:
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The SA Node's Role: The SA node is responsible for generating electrical impulses that initiate each heartbeat. These impulses travel through the heart, coordinating the contractions of the heart chambers to pump blood efficiently.
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When SSS Occurs: SSS arises when the SA node is damaged or diseased, leading to inconsistent or inappropriate electrical signals.
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Types of Rhythm Disturbances in SSS: SSS can manifest in several ways:
- Sinus Bradycardia: A slow heart rate (typically less than 60 beats per minute).
- Sinus Arrest: A pause in heartbeats due to the SA node failing to fire.
- Tachycardia-Bradycardia Syndrome (Tachy-Brady Syndrome): Alternating periods of rapid heart rates (tachycardia) and slow heart rates (bradycardia).
Symptoms of SSS
Symptoms of SSS can vary depending on the severity and type of arrhythmia. Some people may experience no symptoms at all, while others may have:
- Dizziness or lightheadedness
- Fatigue
- Shortness of breath
- Palpitations (feeling of skipped or fluttering heartbeats)
- Fainting or near-fainting spells
- Chest pain
Diagnosis and Treatment
Diagnosing SSS typically involves an electrocardiogram (ECG) to record the heart's electrical activity. A Holter monitor, which is a portable ECG that records heart activity over 24-48 hours, may also be used to capture intermittent rhythm disturbances.
Treatment options depend on the severity of symptoms. Common treatments include:
- Medications: May be prescribed to control heart rate or prevent blood clots.
- Pacemaker Implantation: A small device implanted under the skin that sends electrical signals to the heart to regulate the heart rate. This is the most common treatment for symptomatic SSS.
In summary, Sick Sinus Syndrome is a condition where the heart's natural pacemaker malfunctions, leading to various rhythm disturbances, potentially causing symptoms like dizziness, fatigue, and fainting. Treatment often involves a pacemaker to regulate heart rhythm.
