HCM, or hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, is a disease in which the heart muscle becomes abnormally thickened, making it harder for the heart to pump blood effectively.
This thickening, known as hypertrophy, can occur in various parts of the heart, most commonly the left ventricle. The thickened muscle can obstruct blood flow out of the heart, leading to symptoms like:
- Shortness of breath
- Chest pain
- Dizziness
- Fainting
- Arrhythmias (irregular heartbeats)
However, many individuals with HCM experience no symptoms at all and may not even be aware they have the condition. This is often discovered during routine medical examinations or screenings.
Key characteristics of HCM:
- Genetic Basis: HCM is often caused by genetic mutations affecting the heart muscle proteins.
- Variable Presentation: The severity and symptoms of HCM can vary greatly from person to person.
- Risk of Sudden Cardiac Death: In rare cases, HCM can lead to sudden cardiac death, especially in young athletes.
Diagnosis and Management:
Diagnosis typically involves:
- Echocardiogram: An ultrasound of the heart to assess the thickness of the heart muscle.
- Electrocardiogram (ECG): To detect abnormal heart rhythms.
- Cardiac MRI: Provides detailed images of the heart.
- Genetic testing: To identify specific gene mutations.
Management strategies aim to relieve symptoms and prevent complications, and may include:
- Medications: Beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, and antiarrhythmics.
- Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD): To prevent sudden cardiac death in high-risk individuals.
- Septal myectomy: Surgical removal of a portion of the thickened heart muscle.
- Alcohol septal ablation: Injecting alcohol into the septal artery to cause controlled tissue death and reduce muscle thickness.
It is important to note that the information provided here is for general knowledge only and does not substitute professional medical advice. If you suspect you may have HCM, consult a qualified healthcare professional for proper diagnosis and management.
