STEMI stands for ST-elevation myocardial infarction, a serious type of heart attack.
Understanding STEMI
A STEMI is a particularly dangerous form of heart attack characterized by specific changes on an electrocardiogram (ECG). The name comes from the "ST elevation" observed on the ECG, which signifies a significant blockage in a coronary artery.
- Myocardial Infarction: This term refers to the death of heart muscle tissue due to a lack of blood supply.
- ST Elevation: This is a specific pattern on an ECG that indicates a severe blockage in a coronary artery. The ST segment of the ECG is elevated above the baseline.
Key Characteristics of STEMI:
- Severity: STEMIs are considered more serious than other types of heart attacks because they often involve a complete blockage of a major coronary artery.
- Complications: STEMIs carry a higher risk of complications, including:
- Arrhythmias (irregular heartbeats)
- Heart failure
- Sudden cardiac death
- ECG Changes: The hallmark of a STEMI is the ST-segment elevation on an ECG.
- Location: STEMIs mainly affect the heart's lower chambers and change the electrical current that travels through them.
- Time-Sensitive: Prompt treatment is crucial to minimize heart muscle damage and improve outcomes. The sooner the blocked artery is opened, the better the chances of survival and recovery.
STEMI vs. NSTEMI
It's important to distinguish STEMI from another type of heart attack called NSTEMI (Non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction). While both involve heart muscle damage due to reduced blood flow, the ECG findings are different. In NSTEMI, there is no ST-segment elevation. This often indicates a partial or temporary blockage.
| Feature | STEMI | NSTEMI |
|---|---|---|
| ECG Finding | ST-segment elevation | No ST-segment elevation, may have T-wave inversion or ST-segment depression |
| Artery Blockage | Usually complete blockage | Usually partial or temporary blockage |
| Severity | Generally more severe | Generally less severe |
