How to Test for Carpal Tunnel?
Carpal tunnel syndrome is diagnosed through a combination of physical examinations and, sometimes, nerve studies. Several tests help assess for carpal tunnel:
Several physical tests can help diagnose carpal tunnel syndrome. These tests are typically performed by a doctor or physical therapist and involve checking for symptoms and physical signs associated with median nerve compression in the wrist.
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Tinel's Sign: This involves lightly tapping (percussing) over the median nerve at the wrist. A tingling sensation in the hand, fingers, or thumb may indicate carpal tunnel syndrome.
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Phalen's Test: This test involves holding the wrists in a flexed position (pressing the backs of your hands together) for 60 seconds. If this reproduces the symptoms (tingling, numbness) in the fingers and hand supplied by the median nerve, it may indicate carpal tunnel syndrome. As described by Cleveland Clinic, Phalen's test is a series of movements and positions that help healthcare providers diagnose carpal tunnel syndrome.
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Carpal Compression Test (Durkan's Test): As detailed by Stanford Medicine and referenced in various resources, this involves holding the patient's wrist in slight flexion and directly compressing the median nerve by applying pressure to the proximal wrist crease for 30 seconds. Positive results again produce the characteristic tingling and numbness.
Nerve Studies
While physical exams are often sufficient, nerve studies may be necessary for confirmation or in cases of unclear results. These tests measure the speed of nerve signals in the wrist and hand.
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Electromyography (EMG): This test measures the electrical activity of muscles to assess nerve function.
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Nerve Conduction Studies (NCS): This test measures the speed of nerve signals in the median nerve. As noted by UpToDate, a combination of these can give a more detailed diagnosis.
Other diagnostic tools might include X-rays (to rule out other conditions), ultrasound, and MRI; however, these are less commonly used for initial diagnosis. Cleveland Clinic notes that these are among the tests used to diagnose carpal tunnel. Furthermore, NCBI shows that studies have proven Ultrasound, nerve conduction studies, and CTS-6 to have similar sensitivity and specificity in diagnosing carpal tunnel syndrome.
Remember: This information is for educational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. A proper diagnosis and treatment plan should always come from a qualified healthcare professional.
