Cartilage is destroyed by several factors, most commonly through gradual wear and tear or prolonged inflammation, although acute injuries can also play a role.
How Cartilage is Damaged
Cartilage, particularly articular cartilage found in joints, can be damaged in various ways. While traumatic injuries can cause immediate damage, the more common culprits are degenerative processes and chronic inflammation.
Here's a breakdown:
- Degeneration (Wear and Tear):
- Osteoarthritis is a prime example of cartilage degeneration over time.
- Repetitive motions and general aging contribute to this "wear and tear."
- Prolonged Inflammation:
- Conditions like rheumatoid arthritis lead to persistent inflammation within the joints.
- This inflammation causes the breakdown of cartilage.
- Trauma or Acute Injuries:
- Sudden impacts, such as sports injuries, can tear or stress the cartilage.
- A torn meniscus in the knee is a common example of a trauma-induced cartilage injury.
Factors Contributing to Cartilage Destruction
Several factors can accelerate cartilage destruction:
| Factor | Description | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Age | Cartilage naturally deteriorates with age. | Osteoarthritis is more common in older adults |
| Genetics | Predisposition to certain conditions affecting cartilage. | Family history of rheumatoid arthritis |
| Obesity | Excess weight places extra stress on weight-bearing joints. | Knee and hip osteoarthritis |
| Joint Misalignment | Improper joint mechanics can lead to uneven wear of cartilage. | Bowlegs or knock-knees |
| Previous Joint Injuries | Injuries can weaken cartilage and make it more susceptible to future damage. | Prior ACL tear |
Preventing Cartilage Damage
While some cartilage damage is inevitable, several steps can be taken to minimize the risk:
- Maintain a healthy weight to reduce stress on joints.
- Engage in regular, low-impact exercise to strengthen supporting muscles.
- Use proper form during physical activities to avoid injuries.
- Manage inflammatory conditions under medical supervision.
