Several diseases can damage and destroy cartilage, the connective tissue cushioning the ends of bones in joints. These diseases often cause pain, stiffness, and limited range of motion.
Inflammatory Arthropathies
A major group of diseases that destroy cartilage are inflammatory arthropathies. These conditions involve inflammation and damage to the joints. Examples include:
- Rheumatoid Arthritis: This autoimmune disease attacks the joints, leading to cartilage erosion and bone damage.
- Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: A childhood form of arthritis that can cause significant cartilage destruction.
- Gout: Characterized by uric acid crystal deposits in joints, causing inflammation and eventual cartilage damage.
- Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: An autoimmune disease affecting multiple organs, including joints, with potential cartilage damage.
- Seronegative Spondyloarthropathies: A group of inflammatory diseases affecting the spine and other joints, which can lead to cartilage breakdown.
Osteoarthritis
Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease where the cartilage gradually wears down over time. While not strictly an inflammatory disease in its primary mechanism, the damage it causes leads to significant cartilage loss and subsequent joint pain and dysfunction.
Relapsing Polychondritis
This rare disorder causes inflammation and deterioration of cartilage throughout the body, impacting not just joints but also structures like the ears, nose, and trachea.
Other Factors
While the above diseases are primary causes of cartilage destruction, other factors such as injuries and certain genetic predispositions can also contribute to cartilage damage.
By understanding these diseases and their impact on cartilage, we can better understand the causes of joint pain and the importance of early diagnosis and treatment.
