Surgery is often the most effective treatment for damaged articular cartilage because it doesn't heal well on its own.
Why Surgery is Often Necessary for Cartilage Damage
Cartilage, specifically articular cartilage which covers the ends of bones in joints, is essential for smooth joint movement and shock absorption. Unfortunately, articular cartilage has a limited capacity to repair itself. This is primarily because:
- It is avascular, meaning it lacks a direct blood supply, which is crucial for healing.
- It does not contain many cells that can initiate a healing response.
Surgical Options for Cartilage Repair
Since cartilage doesn't easily heal on its own, surgical interventions are frequently the best way to address significant damage. These can include:
| Surgical Treatment | Description |
|---|---|
| Microfracture | A technique where small holes are made in the underlying bone to stimulate blood flow and cartilage regrowth. |
| Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation (ACI) | Cartilage cells are harvested, grown in a lab, and then implanted back into the damaged area. |
| Osteochondral Autograft Transplantation | Healthy cartilage and bone are moved from another area of the joint to the damaged area. |
| Osteochondral Allograft Transplantation | Cartilage and bone are obtained from a donor and then transplanted into the damaged joint. |
Considerations Before Surgery
While surgery can often be effective, several factors are considered when selecting the best surgical approach:
- Severity of Damage: The extent and location of the cartilage damage impact the choice of treatment.
- Patient's Age and Activity Level: Younger, more active individuals may be better candidates for more complex procedures.
- Other Underlying Conditions: Pre-existing conditions in the joint or surrounding area can impact surgery.
- Overall Health: The patient’s overall health is considered when deciding on which surgical treatment to proceed with.
In summary, surgery is often the best treatment for damaged articular cartilage because it has limited ability to heal on its own. Specific surgical methods vary, depending on the extent of damage and patient’s individual circumstances.
