Are There Any Side Effects of Cataract Surgery?
Yes, like any surgical procedure, cataract surgery can have side effects, though most are minor, temporary, and resolve as the eye heals. Serious complications are rare.
While cataract surgery is generally safe and highly effective, it's normal to experience some side effects during the recovery period. Understanding these can help you know what to expect and when to seek medical advice.
Common and Usually Temporary Side Effects
Most side effects after cataract surgery are mild and resolve within a few days or weeks.
- Bloodshot or Red Eyes: This is a common side effect caused by inflammation or tiny broken blood vessels in the eye's surface, often due to the surgical instruments or eye drops. While it may look alarming, it is generally harmless and will heal on its own.
- Important Note: If you experience pain, significant changes in vision (such as sudden decrease), or increased light sensitivity in addition to bloodshot eyes, it's crucial to contact your ophthalmologist promptly.
- Initial Blurred Vision: It's normal for vision to be blurry or hazy immediately after surgery. This typically improves significantly within a few days as the eye recovers and adjusts to the new intraocular lens (IOL).
- Dry or Gritty Sensation: Many patients experience a dry, scratchy, or gritty feeling in the eye after surgery. This is common and can usually be managed effectively with lubricating eye drops as recommended by your doctor.
- Mild Discomfort or Itching: Some mild discomfort, a feeling of pressure, or itching is common during the initial healing phase. This should not be severe pain.
- Light Sensitivity (Photophobia): Increased sensitivity to light is common after surgery. Wearing sunglasses can provide comfort and protect your eyes during the initial healing period, especially outdoors.
- Halos or Glare: Some individuals may notice halos (rings of light around bright objects) or glare (scattered light) around lights, especially at night. This can occur with certain types of IOLs, but it often diminishes over time as the brain adapts to the new lens.
Less Common but More Serious Complications
While highly rare, it's important to be aware of potential, more significant complications. Your ophthalmologist will discuss these risks with you before surgery.
- Posterior Capsule Opacification (PCO): Often referred to as a "secondary cataract," PCO occurs when the natural lens capsule, which supports the new IOL, becomes cloudy months or even years after the initial surgery. This is not a regrowth of the cataract but a haze on the membrane. It can cause vision to become blurry again but is easily and painlessly treated with a quick laser procedure (YAG capsulotomy) performed in the office.
- Infection (Endophthalmitis): This is a very rare but serious complication that requires immediate medical attention to prevent severe vision loss. Symptoms include severe pain, redness, and significant vision decrease.
- Retinal Detachment: Extremely rare, this serious condition occurs when the retina pulls away from the back of the eye. Symptoms may include flashes of light, new floaters, or a shadow or curtain coming across your vision.
- Increased Eye Pressure (Ocular Hypertension): Eye pressure can temporarily increase after surgery. In rare cases, it might lead to glaucoma or require ongoing management.
- Swelling of the Retina (Cystoid Macular Edema): This involves fluid buildup in the central part of the retina (macula), which can cause blurred or distorted vision. It is usually treatable with medication.
Following your ophthalmologist's post-operative instructions diligently is crucial for minimizing risks and ensuring a smooth recovery. Always report any concerning symptoms promptly.
