New cells are formed through a process called cell division. During cell division, a single cell, known as the parent cell, divides into two identical daughter cells. This process is essential for growth, repair, and reproduction in living organisms.
There are two main types of cell division:
- Mitosis: This type of division produces two daughter cells that are genetically identical to the parent cell. It's responsible for the growth and repair of tissues in multicellular organisms.
- Meiosis: This type of division produces four daughter cells, each with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell. It's responsible for the production of gametes (sperm and egg cells) for sexual reproduction.
The process of cell division is tightly regulated by a complex interplay of genes and proteins. These factors ensure that the division occurs accurately, producing healthy daughter cells with the correct genetic material.
Example: When you cut yourself, the body uses mitosis to create new skin cells to repair the wound.
Practical Insight: Understanding cell division is crucial in fields like medicine, where researchers are developing new therapies targeting cell division to treat diseases like cancer.
