Mitotic division results in two identical daughter cells, while meiotic division results in four genetically distinct daughter cells with half the number of chromosomes.
Here's a more detailed breakdown of the key differences:
Key Differences Between Mitosis and Meiosis
To clearly illustrate the differences, consider the following points:
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Purpose:
- Mitosis: Cell division for growth, repair, and asexual reproduction.
- Meiosis: Cell division for sexual reproduction, creating gametes (sperm and egg cells).
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Daughter Cells:
- Mitosis: Produces two diploid (2n) daughter cells that are genetically identical to the parent cell. Diploid means having two sets of chromosomes.
- Meiosis: Produces four haploid (n) daughter cells that are genetically distinct from each other and the parent cell. Haploid means having one set of chromosomes.
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Chromosome Number:
- Mitosis: Chromosome number remains the same (2n → 2n).
- Meiosis: Chromosome number is halved (2n → n). This is essential for maintaining the correct chromosome number after fertilization.
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Genetic Variation:
- Mitosis: No genetic variation is introduced.
- Meiosis: Introduces genetic variation through crossing over (exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes) and independent assortment of chromosomes.
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Number of Divisions:
- Mitosis: One division.
- Meiosis: Two divisions (Meiosis I and Meiosis II).
Table Summarizing the Differences
| Feature | Mitosis | Meiosis |
|---|---|---|
| Purpose | Growth, repair, asexual reproduction | Sexual reproduction (gamete formation) |
| Daughter Cells | 2, diploid, identical | 4, haploid, genetically distinct |
| Chromosome # | Same (2n → 2n) | Halved (2n → n) |
| Genetic Variation | None | Crossing over, independent assortment |
| # of Divisions | 1 | 2 (Meiosis I & II) |
Why These Differences Matter
The differences between mitosis and meiosis are fundamental to life. Mitosis allows organisms to grow, heal wounds, and reproduce asexually. Meiosis, on the other hand, is essential for sexual reproduction, generating genetic diversity that allows populations to adapt to changing environments. The halving of chromosomes during meiosis ensures that when sperm and egg fuse during fertilization, the resulting zygote has the correct number of chromosomes.
In summary, mitosis creates identical copies for growth and repair, while meiosis creates diverse gametes for sexual reproduction.
