Cells can be killed by various factors, including:
- Internal processes: Cells can undergo programmed cell death, also known as apoptosis, a natural process that eliminates damaged or unwanted cells. Apoptosis is triggered by internal signals and is mediated by proteolytic enzymes called caspases.
- External factors:
- Viruses: Some viruses can infect and kill cells, like oncolytic viruses engineered to kill cancer cells.
- Toxins: Certain toxins produced by bacteria or other organisms can poison cells and cause death.
- Chemicals: Chemicals, such as chemotherapy drugs, can damage DNA or interfere with cellular processes, leading to cell death.
- Radiation: Radiation can damage DNA and cellular structures, leading to cell death.
- Immune system: The immune system can target and destroy infected or cancerous cells.
Examples:
- Cancer treatments: Chemotherapy drugs, radiation therapy, and immunotherapy can all kill cancer cells.
- Antibiotics: Antibiotics target and kill bacteria, preventing infections.
- Viral infections: The body's immune system can kill cells infected with viruses, such as the influenza virus.
