Prokaryotic cells primarily divide through a process called binary fission.
Understanding Binary Fission
Binary fission is a straightforward method of cell division used by most prokaryotes to reproduce. The prefix "bi" in "binary" signifies that one cell divides into two. Let's break down the process:
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DNA Replication: The first crucial step involves the cell's DNA being copied. This ensures each new cell receives a complete set of genetic information.
- Practical Insight: Accurate DNA replication is vital to prevent mutations in subsequent generations.
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Cell Elongation: As DNA replication progresses, the cell begins to elongate.
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Chromosome Segregation: The duplicated chromosomes move to opposite ends of the cell.
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Septum Formation: A septum, or dividing wall, forms in the middle of the cell.
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Cell Division: The cell membrane and cell wall pinch off, resulting in two separate and identical daughter cells.
- Example: Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria reproduce through binary fission.
| Step | Description |
|---|---|
| 1. DNA Replication | The cell's DNA is copied. |
| 2. Cell Elongation | The cell grows longer. |
| 3. Segregation | Duplicated chromosomes move to opposite poles. |
| 4. Septum Formation | A dividing wall forms. |
| 5. Cell Division | The cell splits into two identical daughter cells. |
