Zombie cells, also known as senescent cells, are cells that have stopped dividing but haven't died. Their accumulation contributes to aging and various diseases. Several factors can trigger the formation of these cells.
Causes of Senescent Cell Formation:
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Aging: As we age, our cells naturally accumulate damage. This damage can lead to cellular senescence. [Source: Mayo Clinic News Network, Cedars-Sinai blog]
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DNA Damage: DNA damage from various sources, including UV radiation, toxins, and oxidative stress, can trigger cellular senescence. [Source: Nature article, Wiley Online Library]
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Oncogenes: Abnormally rapid replication of cancerous cells caused by certain oncogenes can also trigger senescence. [Source: Wiley Online Library]
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Infections: Viral infections, such as Human Papilloma Virus (HPV), can transform healthy cells into senescent "zombie" cells. [Source: WVU Today]
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Physical Injury: Physical trauma or damage to tissues can also lead to the formation of senescent cells. [Source: Nature article]
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Malnutrition: Poor nutrition or nutrient deficiencies can contribute to cellular damage and senescence. [Source: Nature article]
The Immune System's Role:
In younger individuals, a healthy immune system effectively removes these senescent cells, preventing their accumulation. However, as we age, the immune system's efficiency declines, allowing senescent cells to persist and accumulate. [Source: Mayo Clinic News Network, Oneskin blog]
Effects of Zombie Cell Accumulation:
The accumulated zombie cells release inflammatory molecules and substances that degrade tissue. This chronic inflammation is linked to various age-related diseases, including cardiovascular disease and diabetes. [Source: KCL news, Mayo Clinic news network, University of Minnesota Medical School]
Targeting Zombie Cells:
Research focuses on developing senolytics, drugs designed to eliminate senescent cells. These drugs have shown promise in preclinical studies for treating various age-related diseases. [Source: KCL news]
