Yes, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) can be yellow.
The yellowish discoloration of CSF, also known as xanthochromia, is often indicative of underlying medical conditions. Several factors can contribute to this change in color.
Causes of Yellow CSF:
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Elevated CSF Protein: High levels of protein, especially above 150 mg/dL, can cause a yellow tint. This occurs because bilirubin, which binds to albumin, is present in the CSF.
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Jaundice: If a patient has jaundice (high bilirubin levels in the blood), this can also cause the CSF to appear yellow, even with lower CSF protein concentrations.
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Previous Hemorrhage: The breakdown of blood in the CSF, such as from a subarachnoid hemorrhage, can cause xanthochromia. This is due to the presence of bilirubin and oxyhemoglobin. This discoloration typically appears within a few hours after the bleed and can persist for several weeks.
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Other Causes: Other less common causes include certain medications, hypercarotenemia (high levels of carotene in the blood), and meningeal carcinomatosis.
Clinical Significance
The presence of xanthochromia requires further investigation to determine the underlying cause. Diagnostic tests, such as CSF protein analysis, cell counts, and spectrophotometry, are typically performed. Differentiating between xanthochromia due to hemorrhage and other causes is critical for accurate diagnosis and appropriate management.
