To make charcoal stick to canvas, you primarily need to seal the artwork using a specialized product like a spray varnish or a fixative.
Charcoal is a loose medium composed of fine particles, which makes it prone to smudging and lifting from surfaces like canvas. Canvas, with its textured weave, can be particularly challenging as charcoal doesn't embed itself as easily as it might on paper. Applying a fixative or varnish after the drawing is complete is the standard method to secure the charcoal particles to the canvas surface, preventing them from being displaced.
Why Charcoal Needs Sealing on Canvas
- Prevent Smudging: Charcoal particles easily rub off, leading to smudges that can ruin the artwork.
- Protect from Elements: Dust, humidity, and physical contact can damage unsecured charcoal.
- Maintain Artwork Integrity: Without a sealant, the detailed lines and shading can shift or disappear over time.
- Ensure Longevity: Sealing helps preserve the artwork in its intended state for years.
As the reference states, using a spray varnish or fixatives helps seal your charcoal art. These sealers keep the charcoal drawings unaltered and in good condition for a long time.
Methods to Fix Charcoal on Canvas
The most common and effective method involves using commercially available art fixatives or spray varnishes designed for charcoal and pastels.
- Spray Fixatives: These are aerosols containing a binding agent that adheres the charcoal particles to the surface. They are applied in light, even coats.
- Spray Varnishes: Similar to fixatives, varnishes provide a protective layer. Some varnishes offer different finishes (matte, satin, gloss) and varying degrees of protection.
Fixatives create a barrier between the external harmful elements and the charcoal, keeping the sketch safe.
Applying a Fixative or Varnish
Applying the sealant correctly is crucial to avoid altering the charcoal drawing itself.
- Choose the Right Product: Use a fixative or varnish specifically recommended for charcoal or pastels on canvas. Test it on a scrap piece of canvas first if possible.
- Work in a Well-Ventilated Area: These sprays contain solvents.
- Apply in Light Coats: Hold the can the recommended distance from the canvas (usually 10-12 inches) and apply in sweeping motions. Avoid saturating the surface, which can cause smudging or darkening.
- Allow Drying Time: Let each coat dry completely before applying the next. Multiple thin coats are better than one thick coat.
- Layering: You can apply a light coat of workable fixative during the drawing process to prevent smudging of underlying layers while you work on top. A final coat of a permanent fixative or varnish is applied once the artwork is finished.
Storage Tips for Charcoal Canvas Art
Proper storage further helps maintain the integrity of your sealed charcoal artwork on canvas.
- Avoid Touching the Surface: Even after sealing, the surface can be delicate.
- Frame Behind Glass: Framing behind glass is the best protection against dust and physical damage. Ensure there is a mat or spacers so the glass doesn't touch the artwork.
- Store Properly: Store charcoal canvases in places with cool, dry areas. Avoid extreme temperatures and humidity, which can affect both the canvas and the sealant.
- Protect During Transport: Use acid-free paper or glassine between stacked canvases, although ideally, avoid stacking charcoal art.
By using appropriate fixatives or varnishes and storing the artwork correctly, you can ensure your charcoal drawing remains securely attached to the canvas and preserved for years to come.
