Acid burns occur through a process called coagulation necrosis, which results in tissue damage.
Understanding Acid Burns
When a strong acid, like sulfuric or hydrochloric acid, comes into contact with skin, it triggers a harmful reaction. This reaction doesn't involve the traditional concept of "burning" from heat, but rather chemical damage to the cells.
The Process of Coagulation Necrosis
- Cell Death: According to the provided reference, when acid touches the skin, it causes coagulation necrosis. This means the acid causes cells to die.
- Tissue Ulceration: The death of cells leads to tissue ulceration. Ulceration refers to the formation of open sores. This is what causes the visible damage of an acid burn.
- Continued Damage: The acid continues to cause damage until it is completely removed from the affected area. This is why quick and thorough removal of the acid is crucial when treating acid burns.
How Acid Burns Differ from Heat Burns
Unlike thermal burns (from heat), acid burns cause damage through a chemical reaction. This reaction changes the structure of cells, leading to their death and tissue damage, rather than direct thermal injury.
Acid Burn Characteristics:
| Feature | Description |
|---|---|
| Mechanism | Coagulation necrosis (chemical cell death) |
| Immediate Impact | Cell death and tissue ulceration |
| Progression | Continues until the acid is removed |
| Visual Result | Tissue damage, sores, possible deep tissue involvement |
Immediate Actions for Acid Burns:
- Remove the Acid: The first and most critical step is to immediately remove the acid from the skin.
- Flush with Water: Thoroughly flush the area with plenty of cool water for at least 20 minutes.
- Seek Medical Care: After flushing, get immediate medical help as acid burns can cause severe damage.
