Peroxide, specifically hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), works by decomposing into water (H₂O) and oxygen (O₂) when it comes into contact with catalase, an enzyme found in cells, including bacteria and human cells. This released oxygen has several effects:
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Cleaning and Disinfecting: The oxygen released acts as an oxidizing agent. This means it can damage the cell walls of bacteria and other microorganisms, leading to their destruction. This makes peroxide useful as a disinfectant for minor cuts and abrasions.
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Foaming Action: The released oxygen creates bubbles, resulting in the characteristic foaming action you see when peroxide is applied to a wound. This foaming helps to lift debris and dead tissue from the area, aiding in cleaning.
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Bleaching: The oxidizing properties of peroxide also make it an effective bleaching agent. This is why it's used in teeth whitening products and hair bleach.
In summary, hydrogen peroxide works by releasing oxygen which cleanses, disinfects, and bleaches due to its oxidizing properties. However, it's important to note that peroxide isn't effective against all types of bacteria and should be used with caution, particularly on deep wounds, as it can also damage healthy tissue.
