Several examples of physical properties include density, color, hardness, melting point, boiling point, and electrical conductivity. These properties can be observed and measured without changing the substance's chemical identity.
Here's a breakdown of some common physical properties:
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Density: Density refers to how much mass is contained in a given volume. For example, iron is denser than aluminum, meaning a piece of iron will weigh more than an equally sized piece of aluminum.
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Color: Color is the visual perception of light reflecting off a substance. A piece of copper, for instance, has a characteristic reddish-brown color.
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Hardness: Hardness measures a substance's resistance to being scratched or dented. Diamond, known for its extreme hardness, is often used in cutting tools.
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Melting Point: The melting point is the temperature at which a solid transforms into a liquid. Water's melting point is 0°C (32°F).
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Boiling Point: The boiling point is the temperature at which a liquid turns into a gas. Water boils at 100°C (212°F) under standard atmospheric pressure.
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Electrical Conductivity: Electrical conductivity measures a substance's ability to conduct electricity. Copper is widely used in electrical wiring due to its high conductivity.
Some physical properties, like density and color, can be observed without changing the physical state of the matter being observed. Other properties, like boiling and melting point, can only be observed while the matter is undergoing a physical change of state.
