Hydrogen (H2) is a diatomic molecule consisting of two hydrogen atoms bound together, and it's the most common form of hydrogen as a gas at standard conditions. It is also known as dihydrogen, molecular hydrogen, or simply hydrogen gas.
Here's a more detailed explanation:
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Basic Definition: Hydrogen, with the symbol H and atomic number 1, is the lightest and most abundant element in the universe.
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Diatomic Nature: At standard temperature and pressure, hydrogen exists as a diatomic molecule (H2). This means two hydrogen atoms share electrons and are chemically bonded together.
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Properties: Hydrogen gas (H2) is colorless, odorless, tasteless, non-toxic, and highly flammable.
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Occurrence: While hydrogen is abundant in the universe (especially in stars), it's less common in its free form (H2) on Earth. It's primarily found in compounds like water (H2O) and organic molecules.
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Applications: Hydrogen has numerous applications, including:
- Industrial Uses: Ammonia production (Haber-Bosch process), methanol production, petroleum refining.
- Fuel: As a clean fuel source (when burned, it produces only water).
- Chemical Synthesis: Used in various chemical reactions and synthesis.
- Aerospace: As a rocket fuel.
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Isotopes: Hydrogen has three naturally occurring isotopes: protium (¹H), deuterium (²H or D), and tritium (³H or T). H2 typically refers to protium.
In summary, hydrogen (H2) is the molecular form of the element hydrogen, existing as a gas composed of two hydrogen atoms bonded together. It's a key component in many chemical processes and has potential as a clean energy source.
