Dissolution is the process of a substance dissolving, while solubility is the maximum amount of that substance that can dissolve in a given solvent under specific conditions.
Dissolution vs. Solubility: Key Differences
To understand the difference, consider these points:
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Dissolution (Process): This refers to the kinetic process where a solute (solid, liquid, or gas) disperses and forms a solution in a solvent. It's about how something dissolves. Think of it as the act of sugar disappearing when you stir it into water.
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Solubility (Property): This is a quantitative property, expressing the maximum concentration of a solute that can dissolve in a particular solvent at a specific temperature and pressure. It's a measurement of how much can dissolve. It represents the equilibrium point where no more solute can dissolve, and any excess will remain undissolved. For instance, the solubility of sugar in water at 25°C is about 200g per 100mL of water.
Table Summarizing Differences
| Feature | Dissolution | Solubility |
|---|---|---|
| Definition | The process of a solute dissolving in a solvent. | The maximum amount of solute that can dissolve in a solvent at a given temperature. |
| Nature | Kinetic process (rate dependent) | Equilibrium property |
| Focus | How a substance dissolves | How much of a substance can dissolve |
| Example | The rate at which salt dissolves in water when stirred. | The maximum grams of salt that can dissolve in 100mL of water at 20°C. |
| Factors Affecting | Agitation, temperature, particle size, properties of solvent and solute. | Temperature, pressure (for gases), nature of solvent and solute. |
Analogy
Imagine you're filling a glass with water (the solvent).
- Dissolution is the act of pouring water into the glass.
- Solubility is the maximum amount of water the glass can hold before it overflows.
In conclusion
Dissolution is a dynamic process, while solubility is a static property that defines the extent to which that process can occur.
