While the terms "baby" and "infant" are often used interchangeably, "infant" is a more formal and specific term for a very young child, typically from birth to one year old, whereas "baby" is a more general and informal term that can apply to children up to about 4 years old, though most commonly refers to children before they are toddlers.
Here's a breakdown:
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Infant: This term typically refers to a child in their first year of life, from birth to 12 months old. It's the more formal and medical term.
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Baby: This is a more general, informal term that can refer to any young child, especially those who are not yet walking or talking well. It's commonly used for children younger than toddlers, so roughly up to 1-2 years of age, though can extend to even 4 years old. Parents.com suggests baby can refer to children up to 4 years old.
Think of it this way: All infants are babies, but not all babies are infants (in the strict, age-defined sense). "Baby" is a broader category that encompasses "infant."
In essence, "infant" is a more precise term relating to a specific age range, while "baby" is a more casual and encompassing term for a young child.
