A child's immune system develops significantly between 3-4 years of age, reaching a point where it can more fully produce its own antibodies.
Here's a breakdown of how immunity develops in children:
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Maternal Antibodies (0-6 months): Infants receive antibodies (specifically IgG) from their mothers during pregnancy. These provide temporary protection against infections the mother has immunity to. However, these antibodies gradually decrease after birth.
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Developing Immune System (6 months - 3-4 years): As maternal antibodies wane, the child's own immune system begins to mature. While not fully developed, it starts producing its own antibodies and immune cells in response to exposures. This is a period where children are more susceptible to infections.
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More Mature Immune System (3-4 years onwards): By this age, the child's immune system is more robust and capable of producing a wider range of antibodies and mounting effective immune responses. This doesn't mean they won't get sick, but their bodies are better equipped to fight off infections. Continued exposure to pathogens through everyday life and vaccinations further strengthens their immunity.
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Full Immunity (Adolescence): The immune system continues to mature throughout childhood and adolescence, reaching full adult capacity during the teenage years.
It's important to note that even with a more developed immune system, children still benefit significantly from vaccinations. Vaccines help the immune system "learn" to recognize and fight specific diseases without the child actually getting sick from those diseases. This process is key to lifelong immunity.
