A cholesterol level is considered "bad" when LDL ("bad" cholesterol) is too high, HDL ("good" cholesterol) is too low, or total cholesterol is too high, as this indicates an increased risk of heart disease. According to the provided reference, LDL cholesterol should be below 100, and a higher number indicates a problematic level. Total cholesterol should be below 200.
Understanding Cholesterol Levels
Cholesterol levels are measured in milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL). Here's a breakdown of what's generally considered healthy and unhealthy:
| Cholesterol Type | Desirable Level | Borderline High | High |
|---|---|---|---|
| Total Cholesterol | Less than 200 mg/dL | 200-239 mg/dL | 240 mg/dL and above |
| LDL Cholesterol | Less than 100 mg/dL | 130-159 mg/dL | 160 mg/dL and above |
| HDL Cholesterol | 60 mg/dL and above | 40-59 mg/dL (men) | Less than 40 mg/dL |
| 50-59 mg/dL (women) |
- LDL Cholesterol (Bad): LDL contributes to plaque buildup in arteries.
- HDL Cholesterol (Good): HDL helps remove cholesterol from arteries.
- Total Cholesterol: A combined measure of all cholesterol in your blood.
Why High Cholesterol is Bad
High cholesterol, particularly high LDL cholesterol, contributes to atherosclerosis, where plaque accumulates inside the artery walls. This can lead to:
- Heart Attack: Plaque can rupture, leading to a blood clot that blocks blood flow to the heart.
- Stroke: A clot can block blood flow to the brain.
- Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD): Plaque buildup in arteries supplying blood to the limbs.
Examples of Unhealthy Cholesterol Readings
- Total cholesterol of 250 mg/dL
- LDL cholesterol of 160 mg/dL
- HDL cholesterol of 35 mg/dL
Solutions for Improving Cholesterol Levels
- Dietary Changes: Reduce saturated and trans fats, and increase fiber intake.
- Regular Exercise: Physical activity can help lower LDL and raise HDL.
- Medications: Statins and other drugs can help lower cholesterol.
- Weight Management: Losing weight can improve cholesterol levels.
