Satellites measure cloud cover primarily by detecting the heat radiating from clouds and the Earth's surface.
Instead of relying on reflected sunlight, satellite sensors identify clouds by measuring the heat they radiate. These sensors also measure the heat emitted by the Earth's surface. Because clouds are generally colder than land and water, they are easily distinguishable. This method allows for cloud detection both day and night.
Here's a breakdown of how it works:
- Heat Measurement: Satellite sensors are designed to detect infrared radiation, which is a form of heat.
- Temperature Contrast: Clouds typically have a lower temperature compared to the underlying land or water surfaces.
- Identification: By analyzing the temperature differences, satellites can identify the presence and extent of cloud cover.
In summary, satellites use temperature differences to distinguish clouds from the Earth's surface, providing valuable data for weather forecasting and climate monitoring.
