Coeliac disease can manifest as a skin condition called dermatitis herpetiformis (DH). This is a chronic, intensely itchy, blistering rash. It's an autoimmune reaction triggered by the ingestion of gluten.
Understanding Dermatitis Herpetiformis
Dermatitis herpetiformis is a significant skin manifestation of coeliac disease (also known as celiac disease or gluten-sensitive enteropathy). It's estimated that about 25% of individuals with coeliac disease develop DH. The rash is characterized by:
- Intense itching: This is a hallmark symptom.
- Blisters: Small, fluid-filled blisters that typically burst when scratched.
- Location: Commonly appears on the elbows, knees, and buttocks, but can occur anywhere on the body.
While DH is the most common skin condition associated with coeliac disease, other skin issues can also arise, including eczema, psoriasis, chronic dry skin, hives, and alopecia areata.
The Link Between Coeliac Disease and Dermatitis Herpetiformis
The key connection is gluten. Gluten ingestion in individuals with coeliac disease triggers an immune response that affects both the intestines (leading to digestive issues) and the skin (resulting in DH). Following a strict gluten-free diet is crucial for managing both the digestive symptoms of coeliac disease and the skin manifestations of DH.
Diagnosis and Treatment
Diagnosis often involves a skin biopsy and blood tests. Treatment primarily focuses on adhering to a strict gluten-free diet. This dietary change usually improves both the intestinal and skin symptoms. In some cases, medication may be prescribed to manage the itching and inflammation.
