Yes, certain types of thinking and cognitive training can demonstrably increase IQ scores.
While the concept of IQ being entirely fixed is outdated, it's crucial to understand the nuance. General intelligence (often measured by IQ tests) is believed to have a genetic component, but it's also significantly influenced by environmental factors and, importantly, cognitive training. "Thinking" here refers not just to random mental activity, but to structured, deliberate engagement in mentally stimulating activities.
Evidence for IQ Improvement Through Thinking
Several studies support the idea that specific types of thinking and cognitive training can lead to improvements in IQ scores:
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Working Memory Training: Training working memory, a cognitive system responsible for holding and manipulating information, has been linked to improvements in fluid intelligence, a core component of IQ. This type of training often involves tasks requiring individuals to remember and process information simultaneously.
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Strategic Memory Advanced Reasoning Training (SMART): As evidenced by a stratified active-controlled trial, SMART training has been shown to increase non-verbal IQ (NVIQ) in adolescents. This indicates that specific, targeted cognitive interventions can positively impact intelligence.
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Cognitive Flexibility and Problem-Solving: Engaging in activities that require cognitive flexibility (the ability to switch between different tasks or mental sets) and complex problem-solving can also contribute to improvements in cognitive abilities assessed by IQ tests.
How "Thinking" Impacts IQ
The mechanism by which "thinking" increases IQ likely involves:
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Neuroplasticity: The brain's ability to reorganize itself by forming new neural connections throughout life. Engaging in mentally stimulating activities strengthens existing connections and creates new ones, enhancing cognitive function.
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Improved Cognitive Skills: Specific training programs directly improve underlying cognitive skills, such as attention, memory, and processing speed. These skills are fundamental to performance on IQ tests.
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Enhanced Problem-Solving Abilities: By repeatedly engaging in challenging tasks, individuals develop better problem-solving strategies and become more efficient at processing information, leading to improved scores on IQ tests that assess these skills.
Important Considerations
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Type of Thinking Matters: Not all types of "thinking" are created equal. Passive or unfocused mental activity is unlikely to significantly impact IQ. Deliberate, challenging, and strategically designed cognitive exercises are more likely to be effective.
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Sustainability of Gains: The long-term sustainability of IQ gains achieved through cognitive training is an area of ongoing research. Some studies suggest that improvements can be maintained over time with continued practice, while others indicate that gains may fade if training is discontinued.
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Individual Differences: The extent to which an individual can improve their IQ through thinking and training varies depending on factors such as age, baseline cognitive abilities, and the specific training methods employed.
In conclusion, while genetics play a role, focused and deliberate "thinking," especially through structured cognitive training, can positively influence and increase IQ scores by enhancing cognitive skills and promoting neuroplasticity.
