Bleeding in the colon, also known as rectal bleeding, can be caused by a variety of factors, and it's important to remember that it's a symptom of an underlying condition, not a disease itself.
Common Causes of Colon Bleeding
Several conditions can lead to bleeding in the colon. These range from relatively minor and easily treatable to more serious conditions requiring prompt medical attention.
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Hemorrhoids: These are swollen veins in the anus and rectum, often caused by straining during bowel movements. They are a very common cause of rectal bleeding.
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Anal Fissures: Small tears in the lining of the anus, usually caused by passing hard or large stools.
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Diverticulosis and Diverticulitis: Diverticulosis is the presence of small pouches (diverticula) in the colon wall. Diverticulitis occurs when these pouches become inflamed or infected.
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Colonic Polyps: These are growths on the lining of the colon. While most are benign, some can become cancerous. They can cause bleeding, even if small.
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD): Conditions like ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease cause inflammation and ulcers in the colon, leading to bleeding.
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Infections: Certain infections can cause inflammation and bleeding in the colon.
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Angiodysplasia: Abnormal and fragile blood vessels in the colon, which can bleed.
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Colon Cancer: Cancer in the colon can cause bleeding, often mixed in with the stool.
Less Common, but Possible, Causes
While the above are the most frequent causes, other less common conditions can also result in colon bleeding:
- Ischemic Colitis: Reduced blood flow to the colon, leading to inflammation and damage.
- Medications: Certain medications, such as blood thinners, can increase the risk of bleeding.
Important Considerations
It's crucial to consult a doctor if you experience any rectal bleeding. While some causes are minor, bleeding can also be a sign of a more serious condition like colon cancer. A doctor can perform tests like a colonoscopy to determine the cause of the bleeding and recommend appropriate treatment.
