Pigments are substances that give color to materials by selectively absorbing specific wavelengths of light while reflecting others. When light hits a pigmented surface, some wavelengths are absorbed, and the remaining wavelengths are reflected back to our eyes. The color we perceive is determined by the wavelengths of light that are reflected.
For example, a red pigment absorbs most wavelengths of light except for red, which it reflects. This is why we see the object as red. Pigments work because they have a specific molecular structure that allows them to interact with light in this way.
Here's a simple analogy: Imagine a sieve with holes of a specific size. If you pour a mixture of sand grains of different sizes through the sieve, only the sand grains smaller than the holes will pass through. Similarly, pigments act like a sieve for light, allowing only certain wavelengths to pass through while absorbing others.
Here are some key points about how pigments work:
- Selective Absorption: Each pigment has a unique chemical composition that allows it to absorb certain wavelengths of light more strongly than others.
- Reflected Light: The color we see is the result of the wavelengths of light that are reflected back to our eyes.
- Mixing Pigments: When you mix pigments, you are combining their selective absorption properties. This creates new colors by reflecting different combinations of wavelengths.
Practical Insights:
- Artists use pigments in paints and inks to create various colors.
- Pigments are also used in plastics, textiles, and many other materials to impart color.
- The color of a pigment can be affected by factors like the light source, the surface texture, and the surrounding colors.
