Pigmentation refers to the coloring of something, particularly in the context of biological tissues. In humans, pigmentation refers to the color of our skin, hair, and eyes, which is determined by the pigment called melanin. Melanin is produced by specialized cells called melanocytes, located in the skin.
When these cells become damaged or unhealthy, it affects melanin production, leading to skin pigmentation disorders. Examples of such disorders include vitiligo, characterized by a loss of skin pigmentation, and melasma, causing dark patches on the face.
Exposure to sunlight can also influence melanin production. To protect the skin from the damaging effects of the sun, our skin produces more melanin, resulting in a tan.
However, pigmentation can also refer to the coloring of other objects, not just biological tissues. For example, pigments are used in paints, inks, and cosmetics to provide color.
